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  WASTE  Waste management has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental concerns in Malaysia, particularly in urban areas. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and an increase in population have led to a significant rise in waste production. According to a report by the Department of Environment (DOE) , Malaysia generates over 38,000 metric tons of waste daily, with a substantial percentage of this being plastic and household waste. The impact of improper waste disposal on the environment is severe, contributing to environmental pollution, clogging of drainage systems, and degradation of natural resources.   Malaysia’s waste management practices, while improving over the years, still face numerous challenges. The country’s reliance on landfills, inadequate recycling infrastructure, and lack of public awareness about sustainable waste disposal practices hinder the transition towards a more effective and sustainable waste management system. Furthermore, the incr...